Case Analysis Criminal Offender Profiling - 1207 Words

David Gail Meirhofer Tricia Jenkins Ivy Tech Community College Criminal Justice CRIM 210 Assistant Professor John Mishler December 11, 2014 David Gail Meirhofer David Gail Meirhofer’s case was the first of its kind to be solved by using the technique of criminal offender profiling. David was born June 8, 1949 to Eleanor Virginia Meirhofer and Clifford David Meirhofer in Manhattan, Montana. Personal interviews with several of Meirhofer’s surviving relatives provided a look into the childhood of this troubled man. Meirhofer’s aunt, Layne Meirhofer-Greeney said, â€Å"David had a relatively normal childhood upbringing. He was raised just as any of us kids. He wasn’t abused or neglected, and had traditional Catholic values. We had frequent family gatherings, and always included David. As kids, we were very close† (L.Meirhofer-Greeney, personal communication, October 10, 2014) Wayne Meirhofer, David’s uncle, says, â€Å"David was a smart kid. He got good grades, and always seemed like he had a good head on his shoulders. He went into the military, and it seemed to us that he was traveling in the right direction in life. It floored us to hear of the things he had done† (W.Meirhofer, personal communication, October18, 2014) My father and Meirhofer’s uncle, Lou Carlassara, said, â€Å"I was very young when all the drama happen ed with David. I don’t remember much about him, but I remember being told we could no longer make trips to Montana to see that side of the family because David had doneShow MoreRelatedCriminal Profiling : The Criminal Investigative Approach, And The Scientific Statistical Approach Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesOpening Informal criminal profiling has a long history. It was used as early as the 1880s, when two physicians, George Phillips and Thomas Bond, used crime scene clues to make predictions about British serial murderer Jack the Ripper s personality. For years, law enforcement investigators, academics, mental health experts, and the media have studied serial murder, from Jack the Ripper in the late 1800s to the sniper killings in 2002, and from the â€Å"Zodiac Killer† in California to the â€Å"BTK Killer†Read MoreExamining The Literature On Offender Profiling1597 Words   |  7 Pagessociety in for criminal behaviour and investigation with television shows such as ‘Underbelly’ which were based on true Australian crime, attracting high ratings from the public. Forensic psychologists conduct Offender Profiling, a forensic procedure which examines the behavioural data provided by witnesses and the crime scene to assist the investigation by predicting the possible characteristics of criminals. This article will examine the literature on Offender profiling Offender profiling developedRead MoreThe Validity Of Criminal Profiling Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe Validity of Criminal Profiling and its Effectiveness on Solving Crime In law, law enforcement relies on a variety of approaches to solving crimes. One method of doing so, is criminal profiling. Police use criminal profiling as an aid to identify the typology of individuals most likely to fit the suspect profile. In this approach, evidence of a crime is used to identify the characteristics of the criminal in relation to their personality and psychological state of mind. As wellRead MoreThe Crime Of Crime And Crime1180 Words   |  5 Pagesthey handle crime and deal with criminals. When a crime takes place, the part that fascinates people the most is how the offender is captured and brought to justice (Nathan, 2005, p 29-34). Nowadays, nearly all serious crimes are solved with the help of one or more police investigators, police officers, witness testimonies, and the help of psychological profilers and forensics. Science has great contributions in the detection of crime and controlling criminals. The advancement in DNA identificationRead MoreEssay about Issues In Psychological Profiling1329 Words   |  6 PagesIssues In Psychological Profiling Historically, crime and criminals have always caught the attention of law-abiding citizens. Whenever there is mention of serial killers or unsolved murders or abductions, psychological profiling, floats to the top of the list of concerns (Egger, 1999). Psychological profiling is an attempt to provide investigators with more information about an offender who has not yet been identified (Egger, 1999). Its purpose is to develop a behavioral composite that combinesRead MoreCriminal Profiling: Does it Really Work? Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal profiling has become a very popular and controversial topic. Profiling is used in many different ways to identify a suspect or offender in a criminal investigation. â€Å"Criminal profiling is the process of using behavioral and scientific evidence left at a crime scene to make inferences about the offender, including inferences about personality characteristics and psychopathology† (Torres, Boccaccini, Miller, 2006, p. 51). †Å"The science of profiling rests on two foundation blocks, basic forensicRead MoreThe Importance of Criminal Justice1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Criminal Profiling Criminal Profiling is a method of identifying the perpetrator of a crime based on an analysis of the nature of the offense and the manner in which it was committed. It most notably can be traced back to work done in the later part of the last century, and possibly even earlier in a variety of forms. There has been a definite growth since this early work, with many individuals doing a great deal of both research and practical work in criminal profiling. The investigativeRead MoreCriminal Profiling : An Investigative Tool1359 Words   |  6 Pagesforces such as the FBI and the police use criminal profiling as an investigative tool aimed at helping them identify or predict characteristics of criminals who are not yet identified. Criminal profiling as an investigation tool allows investigators to compile and establish the right description of the criminal implicated. Investigators can also use geographical profiling to establish the location of the criminal. The criminal profiling pro cedure is used by detectives to satisfy certain needs inRead MoreCriminal Profiling1152 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation on criminal profiling. Some psychiatrists, criminologists, and psychologists believe there are specific traits, psychological factors that will separate a person from the rest of society. This thesis will explain that criminal profiling will help narrow the list of suspects from rape and homicide by formulating the type of person whom the investigators should be looking for. How long does he or she think criminal profiling has been used in law enforcement? Criminal Profiling Read MoreThe Process of Criminal Profiling as it Pertains to Serial Killers1224 Words   |  5 PagesThe process of criminal profiling as it pertains to serial killers is extremely interesting and much more common than one would first think. This study deals with the research into the developmental and psychological approaches to serial killers. In the process of studying these offenders, researchers have discovered that crime scene manifestations of behavioral patterns enabled the investigators to discover much about the offender (Jones The Process of Criminal Profiling When Applied To A Serial

Drugs And Its Effects On Society - 1869 Words

Throughout history, the use of drugs, both for recreational and medical purposes, has had a profound impact on society that is still prevalent in today’s society. After the end of the Second World War, the pharmaceutical industry was booming and drugs became this tool that could solve all of human’s problems. Many companies invested in this area which led to many breakthroughs for cures; however, during this time period, another branched stemmed from all of this glory of drugs. The 1960s drug culture was a major epoch when the use of recreational drugs became widespread with the help of the media. The government missed an opportunity to enforce their drug laws during the emergence of drugs during this time which led to many problems afterwards; the government should have been stricter with their drug enforcement laws which could have prevented many problems: the widespread of LSD was dangerous to society, laws should be enforced so people cannot break them without conse quences, and the damage of drug use depends on the type but is, ultimately, harmful to the user. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, also known as LSD, is a drug that was originally developed by a Swiss chemist named Albert Hoffman, with the original purpose of stimulating breathing and blood circulation to help (Freeman, 2015). Hoffman’s experiment did not achieve the results he hoped for, and the drug as a hallucinogen was not discovered until the year 1943. Hoffman believed he found the results he was looking forShow MoreRelatedDrugs And Its Effects On Society932 Words   |  4 PagesDrug use in America has affected society as a whole since the 1970’s, when drugs such as cocaine and other narcotics became relatively easy for user to purchase in amount unheard of prior. No matter what the choice of drug a user is addicted to, the effects of drug abuse has the same outcome; to include addiction, depression, and criminal activity which affects everybody in society from small children to an adults. Kids today are subject to be exposed to illicit drugs any day of the week. WhetherRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society1462 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Certain drugs have become very popular among teens at dance clubs, parties, raves, and other crowded social gatherings. These drugs are known as â€Å"club drugs†. The most commonly used substances amongst teens are MDMA (ecstasy, or molly), GHB, and Methamphetamine (meth). The effects of these different drugs vary. Stimulant drugs such as ecstasy and meth affects the hormone in your body, known as serotonin; which controls sleep cycles and the feeling of happiness. Teens often mix ecstasyRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society955 Words   |  4 PagesDrugs are as defined by the dictionary as a medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body this means that everything from coffee to alcohol can be considered a drug. Drugs have been made and used by people since 5000 B.C by the Sumerians. They have had both a positive and negative impact on society, they can help us get over a sickness within a couple of days, however drugs have also been used as a way to get high. Using drugs, noRead MoreDrugs And Its Effect On Society1645 Words   |  7 PagesThe official definition of drugs is a substance which has a physiological effect when introduced to the body. 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Never does it crossRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs And Its Effects On Society1221 Words   |  5 Pages Now, there are lots of teenagers all over the world /use drug. And it /becomes a very normal thing in social. Why /the teenagers want to use drug? Drugs/ blur memory, causing blank spots. When a person tries to get information through this cloudy mess, he can’t do it. Drugs make a person feel slow or stupid and cause him to have failures in life. And as he has more failures and life gets harder, he wants more drugs to help him deal with the problem. There are two very important reasonsRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society893 Words   |  4 PagesDrugs are everywhere. There are many reasons why people turn to drugs, such as pe er pressure, depression, and etc. Using drugs is a choice that many people decide to do. Drugs can get prescribed by people such as doctors and psychiatrists and those drugs can be used to help cure the body. Even with those prescribed drugs some like to abuse them, which can have a negative effect on our bodies and can lead to many different things. Things such as possibly going to jail, losing your job, ruin relationshipsRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society1468 Words   |  6 PagesMethamphetamine, a drug that for years has been sweeping our nation and claiming countless lives. Why are people turning to this drug knowing what it can and will do to you? This drugs affects so many lives around the world, even those who choose to not do it. I, myself, have been affected by this drug. Throughout all my teen years I watched own my mother fall to this awful addiction. This drug will completely rip lives apart, destroy families, and ultimately murder its user. I was lucky, in a w ayRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society1413 Words   |  6 PagesFor thousands of years, drugs have been used in some way, form, or fashion. Drugs have not always been the way that we know them to be today, but people have been creative and have used what has been made available to them to use drugs, whether they knew it or not. Most of these early drug-users either used out of tradition and a ritualistic culture or because there was a need for some type of healing. The drug and stimulant, cocaine, is extracted from the coca plant. This plant is native to SouthRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society1736 Words   |  7 Pagesforever or go away through therapy and treatment. For some people their escape is through drugs. They obtain this bad habit because drugs allows them to forget everything negative. Some people choose to use drugs because of household situations. Others choose drugs because they feel pressure from friends. There are also some that want to get away from a painful reality. According to Maria Salinas (2012), â€Å"Drugs are chemicals. They work in the brain by tapping into the brain’s communication system and

Different Types of Change Management Theories-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Current Change Management Theory. Answer: Introduction Change management is the term used to transform people, individual, projects, groups and organizations from one state to the other. When this system is implemented to the projects and business, it is considered as the process of changing the opportunities of the business in such a way that every changing objective could be achieved. The paper includes cultural web approach and knowledge management. Change management includes the execution of structured process and a pre-planned approach for steering business from its recent condition to the desired situation. Change management theories help a business to raise the scopes of the business staying on its path which afterwards leads to advantages. In this paper, the researcher will discuss various change management theories model like Kotters model, Lewins model, ADKAR model approach that can be used in the business for meeting needs. The study will include the comparison between two important theory models like Kotters model and Lewins model. Apart from this, the paper will also include cultural web approach and knowledge management with the help of suitable examples. At last, the study will also conclude current change theories with the help of recommendations that can be used in the business to get advantages. Different types of Change Management Theories Change management includes the execution of structured process and a pre-planned approach for steering business from its recent condition to the desired situation. Change management theories help businesses to raise the scopes of its staying on the path which afterwards leads to advantages. In the following, different models of the change management theory are demonstrated: Lewins Change Management Model Lewins model of change management is the most effective model which understand the whole organizational structure and cultural change (Call for Papers:Journal of Change Management, 2015). This model was designed by Kurt Lewin in the year 1950; it is the oldest model but is still the most effective model for execution. The model has three primer stages such as unfreeze, change and refreeze. Unfreeze- This is the initial stage of the changes process as per stated by Lewins model, it includes the creation of change. It means that at first, enterprises should get prepared for the changes and should also identify the changes that are required. This initial stage includes an enterprise to look into its core and re-analyze it. Change- This is the second stage according to the Lewins approach where the original changes procedures take place. The method might take long time to be happen because people normally spend their time to adopt new changes, happenings and developments (Call for Papers:Journal of Change Management, 2015). Under this stage, time and communication are the main aspects for taking place change successfully. Refreeze- This is the last stage of the changing process stated by Lewins approach. when the changes has been executed and adopted by the enterprise and people then it starts to become stable once more. This is the accurate time when the employees and procedures start to refreeze and then go back to their normal schedule. Lewin change management approach is appropriately acquired by Tesla Motors. For Tesla change is required to assist the company to adjust appropriately with other dominant players in the automobile industry. The first step indicates the notification to be done to employees about the new ways of working. The second step would involve the helping the staffs to resolve any queries and worries about embracing the new methods of working. The final step of Tesla would be the internalizing the changes and to make them permanent. Figure 1: Lewin's Change Model (Czichos, 2014) Kotters Change Management Model Kotters theory of change management is one of the popular models that have been executed once by almost everyone in the world. This theory has been designed by John P. Kotter, who is an author of various change management books and is also a Harvard Business Scholl Professor (Czichos, 2014). Kotter divides its changes management model into eight stages where every stage concentrates on the main aspect which is aligned with the feedbacks of people to change. The eight stages are as follows: Enhance Urgency- This stage includes making a sense of urgency among the people for motivating them in order to move ahead towards their goals and objectives (Czichos, 2014. Establish the team- This stage is basically aligned to get the correct people in the team through recruiting a mixture of knowledge, skills and commitment. Get the right vision- This stage is associated to make the right vision by taking consideration, objectives, creativity, emotional relationship and also strategy. Communicate- Communication with every people about the changes and its objectives is quite a significant portion of the Kotters change management theory model (Czichos, 2014). Forwarding things- For the purpose of getting things move forward, one requires getting help for removing the obstacles and also executing response in a productive way. Short-term goals concentration- Concentrating on short-term goals and also distributing the objective into little and achievable segments is a better way to get success without any pressure. Do not give up- Determination is the main aspect in success and it is significant for not giving up at the time of change management process which is continuing, does not matter how hard things may look (Have, 2017). Integrate Change- Apart from managing change efficiently, it is also essential for reinforcing it and creating it as an element of the working place culture. Figure 2: Kotter's Change Model (Czichos, 2014) ADKAR Change Management Model ADKAR model of change management is objective- oriented model that creates it possible for different change management groups for focusing on the activities which are directly associated with the objectives that it wants to achieve (Have, 2017). The objective and outcomes which come from this model are in a series and cumulative. It means that at the time of utilizing this model, people should get every outcome in a particular series fashions for the reason, change can execute and sustained. ADKAR Model of change management stands for: Awareness- of the necessity and need for change Desire- to create changes and participates in it Knowledge- of how to create changes Ability- to integrate the change constantly Reinforcement- to hold it executed and armoured on afterwards There are few things with the help of model can be used, discussed in the following: To give support and guidance to workers to carry on with the change process at the time of change management is happening (Have, 2017). To analyse the conflicts portray by workers or staffs towards change. To emerge as an effective and appropriate plan for the personal and professional improvements of workers at the time of change (Have, 2017). Figure 3: ADKAR Change Model (Czichos, 2014) Cultural Web in Change Management process The cultural web is a model which is used to represent the connection between the assumptions taken for granted, structures, symbols and behaviours which categorize organizational culture (Lindberg, 2013). This model is mainly used by the managers of an enterprise as ways of understanding organizational culture. This model includes four layers such as: Values- Easy to analyse in an enterprise because they tend to be written as rudiments regarding the companys objectives(Lindberg, 2013) Beliefs- These layers are much specific but are evident from business statements. Behaviours- These are the constant way under which the company operates and also contains schedule and structure (Lindberg, 2013). Taken for granted assumptions- These are the core of the companys culture. They are also complicated for analysing and identifying. They are also considered as the organizational paradigm, where paradigm is the group of assumptions that are in taken for granted. Figure 4: Four layers of Cultural Web (Have, 2017) Knowledge Management in Change Management process Knowledge Management is basically a conception for analysing, sharing, innovating, reusing and capturing through efficiently using organizational experiences. Companies commenced that knowledge management is becoming the main aspect in entire strategies for staying competitive and enterprises are trying to execute knowledge management with combined outcomes (Murthy, 2007). Knowledge is basically apprehended by individuals and those individuals forms organizations. For the enterprise to change individuals who are related to the enterprise, the concentration should be on the demand for behavioural change. Organizations and individuals have absorbed the idea of Knowledge is power, as the more individual reserves make them the most valuable people in the company (Parsells, 2013). This idea requires to be changed to Knowledge sharing is power because the more they share others can respond and together as an organization. Figure 5: Knowledge Management Concept (Have, 2017) Comparison Kotters eight stages model has advantages and drawbacks also. The advantage of Kotters eight stages model is that, it is a step-by-step model. It does not concentrate on change itself instead the acceptance of this change makes it smooth transitions. It also concentrates on the purchase-in of workers because of the main focus for achievements (Reiss, 2012). It may be communicated between all stages and implements in traditional hierarchy as well. The only drawback of this model is that, if one of any stages is being ignored or failed then the entire stages of changes method completely fails. Whereas, Lewinsthree steps model still takes time with it too, three steps model of Lewin is quite useful to understand the changes in stable situation as well as the vibrant changes in now a day world of businesses (Special issue on Barriers to innovation and organizational change: theories, methods, practices, 2013). But a drawback of this, it has been seen that Lewins model has observed changes of behaviour as a method from top to bottom and it can be exactly to state that analysed that may be started the low, medium or high, but it cannot be successful without the active contribution. Conclusion From the above study, it has been analysed that Change management theories help the business to raise the scopes of a business staying on its path which afterwards leads to advantages. Communication with every people about the changes and its objectives is quite a significant portion of the Kotters change management theory model. Lewins model of change Management is the most effective and famous model which makes to understand the whole organizational structure and cultural change. It has been found that knowledge is basically apprehended by individuals and those individuals forms organizations. For the enterprise to change individuals who are related to the enterprise, the concentration should be on the demand for behavioural change. Recommendations It is evident that changes made in organisations are mainly due to two factors, namely, change that is imposed due to circumstances and the change which is made to encourage growth. A change management system is designed to help the business to change instead of reacting to it. It is important for the companies to cooperate to the changing business context and thus have to implement change. In order to implement change management process appropriately, organisations first must understand what needs to be improved. As most of the changes are made to improve a process, it is very important to identify the reason to change. Recognition of the resources and the individuals which facilitate the change procedures and lead to encouragement must also be done. Another thing that companies could do while implementing change is determining its organisational eagerness. There are some tools and paradigms that can evaluate how ready organisation is to have change or the organisation need a change process or not. Improving the communications is also very crucial in the change process. Having a poor communication could create a deep impact on the successful implementation of change management. Bulletin boards, corporate newsletters, cafeteria postings are some of the communications tactics that could be used by managers of the organisations to communicate properly with its employees regarding the organisational change. References Call for Papers:Journal of Change Management. (2015). Journal of Change Management, 15(4), pp.353-355. Czichos, R. (2014).Change Management. Freiburg imBreisgau: Haufe-Lexware. Have, S. (2017).Reconsidering change management. New York: Routledge. Lindberg, D. (2013). Change Management Tools for Systemic Results.Change Management: An International Journal, 12(3), pp.1-6. Murthy, C. (2007).Change management. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House Pvt. Ltd. Parsells, R. (2013). Change and Learning in the Workplace.Change Management: An International Journal, 12(1), pp.61-71. Reiss, M. (2012).Change management. [Place of publication not identified]: Books On Demand Gmbh. Special issue on Barriers to innovation and organizational change: theories, methods, practices. (2013).Journal of Organizational Change Management, 26(6).

This paper will examine the role of pricing in three local companies Essay Example

This paper will examine the role of pricing in three local companies Essay This paper will examine the role of pricing in three local companies: * McDonalds * Starbucks * Tesco We will write a custom essay sample on This paper will examine the role of pricing in three local companies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on This paper will examine the role of pricing in three local companies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on This paper will examine the role of pricing in three local companies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The following introductory information provides an understanding of the role pricing plays in business, the different types of pricing policies and why they are implemented. Following the introduction, each companys pricing policies will be examined individually. Pricing plays a critical role in any marketing strategy and affects the profits and revenue that a company will eventually earn. According to The Entrepreneurs Guidebook (2001), to establish an effective pricing policy, a company needs to: * Define pricing objectives * Establish a simple yet effective pricing structure taking into consideration all business costs * Choose a pricing strategy that helps to establish a market presence * Adapt a general pricing policy in response to trends, industry practices and new innovative pricing strategies to help solidify a competitive position within the marketplace Any business, regardless of the industry needs to base a pricing plan on the companys goals and objectives. That means that pricing policies need to be closely aligned with the overall business and marketing plans. When setting price objectives, companies need to consider the effect that these prices will have on (The Entrepreneurs Guidebook, 2001): * Sales volume * Sales revenues * Market share * Competitive advantage * Company image * Profitability Determining the right type of pricing structure requires a strong understanding of the relationship between pricing and each of the factors listed above. Specific information needs to be defined before establishing a pricing policy. Detailed research and a close examination of each of the key factors needs to be completed before a qualified pricing plan can be implemented. Pricing is viewed differently by consumers than companys that set the pricing structure and it can be viewed as either a deterrent or reason to buy. Companies need to understand the effect that price can have on their overall marketing strategy. According to The Entrepreneurs Guidebook (2001), pricing objectives must take into account one or all of the following goals: * Increase sales volume * Increase sales revenue * Keep or build market share * Meet or prevent competition * Target low-cost buyers * Increase profits or ROI, such as each 15% ROI or increase market share by 30% by end of the fiscal year Pricing reflects a lot about a company and coincides with their financial history, company mission, values and revenue objectives. No matter what industry, the prices that are charged depend on a number of factors: * What it costs do to business-operating costs, inventory, etc. * Profit goals * The competitions pricing structure * How your product is valued, i.e. customers assessment of the value According to The Entrepreneurs Guidebook (2001), there are several different pricing strategies that can be implemented: * Break even pricing * Buying a market position pricing * Competitive advantage pricing * Discount pricing * Full-cost pricing * Keystone pricing * Loss leader pricing * Matching the competition pricing * Multiple unit pricing * Odd pricing * Penetration pricing * Pre-season pricing * Price -is-no-object pricing Companies like McDonalds, Starbucks and Tesco have developed pricing structures, based on their industry and their competition. But each company also has a pricing policy that is tied closely to profit goals and cost structures. The fact that these three companies are in very different industries and markets provide a sampling of different pricing structures. Advertising plays a major role in both McDonalds and Starbucks but probably not as much for a local Tesco store. Their big draw is word of mouth and their rewards program for their customers. Shoppers can see for themselves if the items they are buying are fresh and have the quality they are looking for. Buying a cup of coffee or a fast food hamburger is different. No matter what type of pricing strategy is used, companies must constantly evaluate the effects that their strategy is having on their overall success. McDonalds The fast food marketplace is highly competitive and strategies for providing consumers with offerings they will want requires pricing that will produce long-term results and keep customers coming back. According to Marc Ballon of the Los Angeles Times (2001), McDonalds is working to shore up its domestic operations, largely by tightening operations and encouraging franchises to offer consumers better value. McDonalds conducted extensive research into sales and customer count, competitive offerings and prices and began to create value offerings for $.99. After testing certain segments of the marketplace, they launched a discount pricing program. By cutting down on operating costs and improving efficiency, the savings can be passed along to the customer. The customer believes that they are getting a bargain through special pricing. McDonalds continues to outpace Wendys and others with annual sales of over $1.6 million. Their discounted pricing strategy does pose some problems, particularly with maintaining high quality and service. Although McDonalds has faced some economically hard times, they continue lead the competition because of their brand recognition and perceived value for the price. Now, the bigger challenge that the company faces is trying to create healthier fare to meet consumers changing tastes. Competition is a key factor in McDonalds pricing and as the market continues to be flooded with newcomers offering different and healthier fare, the current pricing structure may change. Discount pricing may no longer provide McDonalds with the revenue stream they need to meet their goals. Matching the competition may be a better tactic or using some type of multiple unit pricing in some cases by offering two for one or some type of multiple and desirable pricing to entice the consumer. Starbucks Starbucks is in a fairly unique position as an industry trendsetter catering to upwardly mobile young successful business people. In this case, money is often no object and their pricing policy reflects that. Their pricing also reflects their image, which caters to a more affluent client. This targeted group wants to be recognized and admired for their ability to buy Starbucks coffee. Its almost a status symbol among yuppies. As for the company, their strategy clearly says we are worth more so we are charging more. You wont see sale or discount signs in Starbucks. According to The Entrepreneurs Guidebook (2001), this pricing will only work if the product or service is: * Highly innovative * In demand * One of a kind * Threatened by little or no competition * Within a market where price is less important than other factors Starbucks has been able to be successful using this strategy but one disadvantage may be that they are losing potential customers because they are perceived as too expensive. Why pay $3.00 when you can pay $.90 somewhere else. The average customer wants a good cup of coffee not a boutique cup of coffee. Starbucks remains successful because their pricing policy supports their marketing strategy. Tesco Food sales have always been a playing ground for pricing wars and over the past ten years, Tesco has taken an aggressive approach in the marketplace. Although they remain highly competitive as far as pricing, they initiated a club card program that provides discounts and rewards for loyal customers. Supermarket chains across the country constantly try to beat their competitors and Tecso is following suite. They have based their strategy on being highly competitive and by providing a wide selection of products. According to Loop Consulting (2000), in the grocery market it would appear that you could compete on price and service but the two may be mutually exclusive. In a price war, the only way to win is by reducing the overall cost base, no the profit margins. Once a price has been reduced, it is less easy to return prices to their previous level without alienating customers. In fact, it will encourage shoppers to go wherever the price promotions are. So Tesco, although they implement pricing promotions are relying more heavily on their club card program, not only for customer loyalty but also to learn more about their customers buying habits. This can be an effective tool in planning promotional selling. Tesco must also consider competitive pricing policies based on what the competitors are charging for the same or equal products. The rule of thumb here is that even though less is being paid for an item, the company will make up the revenue on volume sales. Tesco closely follows its competitors pricing policies.

William Blakes The Tyger Essays - The Tyger, Poetry, Tyger

William Blake's The Tyger The Tyger Ana Melching 5-8-99 Does god create both gentle and fearful creatures? If he does what right does he have? Both of these rhetorical questions are asked by William Blake in his poem The Tyger. The poem takes the reader on a journey of faith, questioning god and his nature. The poem completes a cycle of questioning the creator of the tyger, discussing how it could have been created, and then returns to questioning the creator again. Both questions about the tyger's creator are left unanswered. William Blake uses rhythm, rhyme, and poetic devices to create a unique effect and to parallel his theme in his work The Tyger. William Blake's choice of rhythm is important to his poem The Tyger because it parallels the theme of the poem, that the tyger may have been made by god or another harsher creator. Most of the poem is written in trochaic tetrameter as can be seen in line three, when Blake says, What immortal hand or eye. This rhythm is very harsh sounding, exemplifying the very nature of the tyger. Some of the lines in the poem were written in iambic tetrameter, such as in line ten, when Blake says, Could twist the sinews of thy heart? . Iambic tetrameter has a much softer sounding beat than does trochaic tetrameter. This implies the gentle nature of god, and if he could create such a beast. The last word of each quatrain is written in a spondee. This helps to create a unique symmetry and to parallel the fearful symmetry of a tyger. William Blake's use of rhyme greatly affects his work The Tyger. The entire poem is written in couplets. Couplets contain two lines, paralleling the dichotomy of the poem, that everything has two sides or parts. The rhyme scheme is AA BB CC etc. Because the rhyming words are so distinguishable from the non-rhyming words, they form two separate categories, which also parallels the dichotomy of the poem. William Blake's choice of poetic devices greatly affect his work The Tyger. He uses cacophony, which is a rough sounding group of words, to exemplify the brute nature of the tyger and to wonder if it was made in hell by an evil creator. This can be seen in line sixteen when he says, Dare its deadly terrors clasp. This line sounds unpleasant and harsh to the ears. William Blake uses euphony, which is a smooth sounding group of words, to show the gentle nature of god and to wonder if he created the tyger. This can be seen in line twenty when he says Did he who made the lamb make thee? This line sounds soft and pleasing to the ears. William Blake uses alliteration and assonance to make his words seem harsh or soft. He uses alliteration, which is the repetition of identical consonants to make his words seem harsh as in distant deeps or dare the deadly. This emphasizes the tiger's rough nature, and questions the nature of it's creator. He also uses assonance, which is the repetition of identical vowel sounds, in lines ten and eleven when he says twist the sinews, and began to beat. This emphasizes the good nature of god. William Blake never answers his question about the unknown nature of god. He leaves it up to the reader to decide. By beginning and ending his poem with the same quatrain he asks the question about god creating evil as well as good, again. By changing one word from could to dare he states that if god truly did create this beast, the tyger, then how dare he. This also helps to give the poem a formal completeness. By switching his rhythm from trochaic to iambic, Blake shows the two possible natures of god, or of the two creators. By using couplets he emphasizes the dichotomy of the poem. By using poetic devices such as euphony, cacophony, assonance, and alliteration he can further develop his question about the nature of god, gentle, or harsh. His rhetorical questions are left unanswered. By doing this he leaves his readers wondering, Is there really an answer? Bibliography none Poetry Essays

How to Write an Incredibly Compelling Synopsis in 4 Simple Steps

How to Write an Incredibly Compelling Synopsis in 4 Simple Steps How to Write a Synopsis Agents Will Notice Your novel is fully written, edited, and polished to perfection - you’re ready to pitch it to agents! But you’re missing a critical piece of persuasion: the synopsis. Even after putting together your entire book, you may have no idea how to write one, or even how to approach it.Luckily, we’ve got answers for you. Read on for our best tips on writing a synopsis that’s clear, concise, captivating†¦ and may even lead to an all-out agent battle over your novel! How to write a masterful synopsis in just 4 steps #itslit What is a synopsis?A synopsis is a summary of a book that familiarizes the reader with the plot and how it unfolds. Although these kinds of summaries also appear on the pages of school book reports and Wikipedia, this guide will focus on constructing one that you can send out to agents (and eventually publishers).Your novel synopsis should achieve two things: firstly, it should convey the contents of your book, and secondly, it should be intriguing!While you don’t need to pull out all the marketing stops at this stage, you should have a brief hook at the beginning and a sense of urgency underlying the text that will keep your reader going. It should make potential agents want to devour your whole manuscript  -   even though they’ll already know what happens.While writing your synopsis, make sure that it includes:A complete narrative arcYour own voice and unique elements of your storyThe ending or resolution (unlike in a blurb)As for the ideal length for this piece, it varies from project to project. Some authors recommend keeping it to 500 words, while others might write thousands. However, the standard range is about one to two single-spaced pages (or two to five double-spaced pages). Do you have any tips for writing an irresistible synopsis? Leave them in the comments below!

The Oregon Dispute and its Settlement Summary Essay

The Oregon Dispute and its Settlement Summary - Essay Example However, the aftermath of this moment prepared Japan for most important feat in history. Surprisingly, after this interaction, America and Japan would be at war as the Americans struggled to stamp its authority on Japan (Fallows 20). Mathew Perry was an important figure during this conduct in that he was well prepared by training and temperament for negotiation in Japan. More so, Perry dedicated his entire career to the expansion of the American navy. Perry’s first important mission in 1819 was to transport slaves to Africa during the founding of Liberia. During this time, he did not witness the combat until he was in his 50s at the battle of Veracruz in the Mexican war as the nation Kept on expanding westward towards a second sea frontier on the Pacific. The opening up of America to Japan for trade was aided by the fact that there was invention of new maritime vessels that were powered by steam. By 1850, the first and graceful clipper vessel had made America to take the lead in the shipping trade (Fallows 22). But, the Britons were outperforming Americans in the steamships. The steam ships required coal to power their engines but the clippers had to choose the routes to China depending on the basis of favorable winds. On the other hand, steamers were more deliberate in that they followed a great circle route up to Alaska and then down to the Japanese Archipelago. It was on this ground that Senator Daniel Webster of New Hampshire discovered that Japan had coal deposits thus declaring that it was time to establish oceanic steam navigation. The American expansion to Japan was facilitated by the desire to expand a coal using steam powered navy. In addition, the Americans wanted to find markets in Japan in order to develop and convert more souls. Initially American expansion to Japan in 1700s was characterized by persecution in that the Japanese used to torture American sailors and whalers. More so, their ships were wrecked on the shores of the oceans. There was need to protect the whalers from these problems and destroy the religious practice of the Japanese people. It is vital to note that during the time of American expansion to Japan, the British had just won its opium war against China while the Russians were approaching from the North, swarming around were the French and Dutch. The American government watched this with great care and that Millard Fillmore commissioned the Japan expedition by convincing Mathew Perry to command it (Fallows 24). Japan adopted her own seclusion policies under the leadership of Shogun and they did not want Japan to interact with the outside world. On day, American whalers rescued a Japanese fisherman known as Kajima who was ship wrecked and he was taken to live in New England. Under the seclusion laws of Japan, it was an offense to leave the country and come back if one had escaped. Despite this, Kajima decided to risk returning home. Surprisingly, he was not killed instead he was sent to Nagasaki and told to say everything he knew about United States. He said that America was lewd by nature and that their toilets are placed over holes in the ground. The Japanese repelled any foreign ship that docked at their sea. For instance, before Mathew Perry landed in Japan, James Biddle of the U.S nay had been humiliated by the Japanese and was ordered never to return in

American Political System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Political System - Essay Example In addition, many historians feel that that the exit strategy was executed in a hasten manner and was different than the exit date. Both Kennedy and Nixon felt that Vietnam could be saved even though that was not the case as the pressure from American public continued to mount (â€Å"Isolationism†). As a world power, it was crucial that the United States made a stand to solidify their position as a world superpower. When JFK ordered his troops to withdraw from Vietnam in 1963, it was a clear symbolization that Johnson would have executed the same order. According to many historians, the judgment was derived through the Johnson’s statement as he states, â€Å"To Kennedy and his fellow New Frontiersmen, it was a doctrine of faith that the problems of Vietnam lent themselves to an American solution† (Perkins 20). The Kennedy administration in essence felt that the problems associated with Vietnam were in geopolitical terms. As part of the containment policy, Kennedy considered Vietnam to be highly risky. As the toll of death count continued to stagger, the American public became weary of the Kennedy administration (Perkins 24.) The implications were endless because South Vietnam remained to be in chaos and could have fallen under the rule of communism (Brooks 8). In essence, the Vietnam War served as a testament of the constant struggle of American foreign policy to fight against communism or any methodology that risks Democracy. This is depicted even in modern century as America continues to enforce democracy in other parts of the

Business Plans Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Plans - Assignment Example Moreover, others think that there is a need to buy a business plan software. Another reason why people shun the idea of creating a business plan is that they think that it is too complex to do (Superbcoaching .com, n.d.). These people assume that the business plan should be perfect before they can start the business. Some companies think that it is a waste of time. Instead of focusing on the start-up of the business right away, they will be bogged down with writing the plan. Creating a business plan has several benefits. The first benefit that a company can gain from a business plan is that it gives direction to the firm. Similar to a road map, the business plan will show where the company is going and what options it can take to reach its destination or objective. Another benefit that can be gained from a business plan is that it is a valuable source of information for potential investors in the business. It makes it easier for an organization to obtain funding or possible loans from banks and private investors. A business plan also prepares the company for future problems that it may encounter. As one goes through the process of writing the plan, he is made aware of the critical aspects of the business and the various scenarios that will affect its operations. Superbcoaching .com. (n.d.). The top 10 reasons people dont have a business plan. Retrieved January 13, 2012, from superbcoaching.com.au:

Case Study of Nissans Cogent Co-Development

Case Study of Nissans Cogent Co-Development In early 1990s Nissan started its NX96 improvement initiative focusing on quality(Q), cost(C), delivery(D), development and management(M). Thus Nissan could measure QCD performance levels of components from supplier, then set and achieve improvement targets. But that was not the case in development assessment due to diverse range of challenges in terms of widely varying nature of suppliers products and technologies, resulting in poor overall performance and threat for their competitiveness. These deficiencies of development in NX96 initiative were considered and replaced with NEXT21 (Nissan Euro eXcellnce Towards 21st century) incorporating new approach to design and development (DD). Nissans requirement from its supplier base was about 75%. Though suppliers had world class quality levels with defect rate of less than 10ppm, in publics perception Nissan remained below its competitors even after surpassing them in quality data figures. With these feedbacks, Nissan focused on attractive quality apart from basic quality. In 1995 Nissan formulated COGENT, Co-development re-generation tool, an initiative developed with partnership between NETC (Nissan European Technology Centre), Cranfield University and 89 of its suppliers. COGENT has a Latin origin meaning, Drive Forward Together, and runs hand-in-hand with NEXT21 programme. The aim of COGENT was to improve overall performance of product; that is to get best quality at cheaper price with faster delivery. The fact that 80% of quality performance determined at development phase brings in significant overall benefit at production stage justifies the need to focus on component DD itself. The specific goal of COGENT was to bring DD activities of suppliers in close alignment with that of Nissan itself. The objective was primarily to develop better understanding and more effective relationship between Nissan and its suppliers by having open communication at early stages of product development and also to maintain the momentum. Part 2: Overview of theories involved Supply chain management is the integration of each element of supply, design, production, and distribution from extraction of raw material to end customer delivery. (Rudzki et al. 2006). Managing supplier relationships is the vital part of strategic supply management as market changes and trends makes external suppliers a critical part of a firms value chain (Trent 2007). Through a good relationship, supplier development activities by means of collaboration with suppliers in various forms of partnerships, enables to improve overall effectiveness and efficiency of the supply chain as a whole (Ford et al. 1998). One of the important steps in supplier development during Integrative Development stage is Supplier Integration in New Product development (NPD). Suppliers are integrated into buyers supply chain network by means of supplier involvement in DD of new products, processes, and services (Krause 1999 Module note page: 45, Refer appendix Fig. A for supplier development Model Step#10). Early supplier involvement(ESI) is the process of relying on suppliers, either physically or virtually, to provide support early on during strategic planning, demand and supply planning, continuous improvement projects, project planning and development of new technologies and products. ESI is often associated with new product development and the factors that drive include the need for continuous improvement, the need to develop new products, services, and processes quickly and also save cost by doing the design right at first time, thus achieving reduced cycle times of concept-to-customer (Trent 2007). Though there are various expenses involved in supplier relationship management, buyer companies reap the benefits such as achieving are lower production costs by means of right first time design, improved material flow through reduced inventory, and reduced administration costs by means of integrated information systems (Ford et al. 1998). Overall benefits to the buyer company are reduction in material cost, reduction in development and manufacturing cost, reduction in development cycle time, improvement in quality, functionality, features and technology. Table1 presents findings from the study that focused on how different organisations involve suppliers during product and process development and reveal that ESI deliver better performance results (Trent 2007).   Early Involvement Reduction in material costs 20% Reduction in development cycle time 20% Improvement in material quality 20% Reduction in development costs 20% Reduction in manufacturing costs 10% Improvement in product functionality, features, technology 20% Table1. Median Improvements from ESI (Trent 2007:227) . In general, long-term relationships result in improvements in: Supplier involvement focus and ownership of product focus on continuous improvement implementation method focus on quality teamwork on new product introduction shared vision alignment of people and systems clearly defined responsibility and accountability (Burnes and Dale 1998). Part 3: COGENT Implementation and Achievements MDs of some of Nissans supplier companies were invited to NETC to discuss about key points of co-development, what was required to be done for them to achieve world class levels of design by year 2000 and how they would implement changes. NETC and Cranfield University worked together intensively with Nissans first tier suppliers for the first year, trying to communicate the very essence of COGENT. But they realized that the message was not reaching the wide supplier base fast enough. Thus fast-track COGENT was initiated. Suppliers were invited for a day long intensive event to work through three specific workshops that takes through the core messages of COGENT. The fast track COGENT concentrated in three areas for aligning different aspects of co-development aligning perceptions, aligning processes, and aligning project targets and key milestones. The steps followed for each areas of alignment were same where do we want to be, where we are now, how to get there, and implement and monitor improvement plan. Suppliers were asked to consider their current perceptions of their relationship with Nissan, analyse their own existing development processes and their plans to meet NEXT21 targets. Also, they were asked to start thinking about where they want to be in terms of world class performance levels of development and were discussed in each session of fast track COGENT, ultimately leading to the very important question how to get there. This enabled Nissan and suppliers to identify possible improvement activities to strengthen their development capabilities and also to prioritize areas of improvement resulting in a clearly defined improvement plan. Again the suppliers were encouraged to further prioritize their specific improvement actions and to begin generating improvement action monitor sheet from their findings. On completion of fast track activity each supplier is clear with what is being expected of them with a set of mutually agreed action plans for DD improvement. Thus success of COGENT can be monitored against their action to assess suppliers development performance. COGENT was primarily designed to invest more time and resources in starting of development phase itself, thereby avoiding the concern of re-design after testing and verification of trial design parts and also improve lead time. This eliminates majority of waste throughout the whole development cycle and also total resources used are comparatively less. Those suppliers who took part in COGENT initiative displayed outstanding achievement levels in NEXT21 performance appraisal. The fig.1 projects the rate of improvement that suppliers might have achieved by year 1998 to about 1% if they had continued with NX96 and where as NEXT21 targeted at 5%. However, average figures achieved by suppliers who took part in COGENT achieved 11% improvement. Part 4: Conclusion Through the workshop, Cranfield University created an environment to ease effective communication and understanding between supplier and Nissan, and to have a better combined work relationship in order to identify what Nissan and supplier needs to do to stay competitive in the global market. The entire process is not just to find out areas of improvement for supplier, but also a mutually beneficial joint effort of development for future to bring performance improvements and continuous improvement thereafter, which will help eliminate wastes at every stage, from concept to successful delivery. COGENT has enabled Nissan identify what is required to be done to overcome the flaws, under shared basic understanding of challenges and problems they are likely to face during the process of product DD in order to bring about the most effective co-development relationship. The approach as a whole, has not only given a face-lift for measuring success in DD, but also gave an opportunity for Nissan to align its suppliers development processes alongside its own. COGENT has enable Nissan work more closely and effectively in their relationship with its suppliers throughout the whole DD phase. Nissan and its suppliers together are developing future products with attracted quality to satisfy their customer by driving forward together. As more and more suppliers are introduced to COGENT through fast track, the achievements continue to represent a significant step change in performance. By 2000, 90% of Nissan vehicle sold were built in Europe and this demonstrates Nissans vital European operation which was achieved as a result of COGENT initiative, aiding Nissan gain competitive advantage in the automotive market. Part 5: Theory linked to practice Key Learning points In an effective supply chain management suppliers and customers work together in a coordinated manner by sharing and communicating rapid flow of information. Suppliers and customers must have shared goals and vision, and also must participate together in DD of products/processes of the supply chain to achieve their shared goals. In context of Total Quality Management (TQM), benchmarking is essential for assessing current performance to identify possible improvements. Benchmarking is measuring where the company is positioned now and using that as a guideline identify where the company wants to be in future by setting performance goals in each areas of supply chain (Module Note, page 51-54). During the course of mutually benefiting bilateral relationship in supply chain, one of the important steps is ESI in DD, which has a major role in minimizing total cost. This basic understanding brings in the need of co-development, where suppliers are involved in early stages of new product DD and hence most buyer companies are making ESI one of their most important supply management strategies. Effective integration of suppliers into the supply chain will be a key factor for manufacturers in achieving improvements necessary to remain competitive and to improve supply chain as a whole. Part 6: Future trends Automotive manufacturers in general have their own strategy for bring out best quality and cheapest cars in short time to the competitive market. In case of Nissan, they have a pool of potentially capable suppliers who meet the production requirements in terms of quality and delivery with reasonably good cost factors and are driving for continuous improvement towards the achieving further set targets by Nissan. With COGENT initiative, Nissan has started the integrative development by involving its first-tier suppliers in their NPD activities and is essentially the success story behind success of its new products in recent few years. The future trend for Nissan would be to establish performance improvements in second-tier suppliers and also possibilities to establish improvements in third-tier suppliers and so on. These supplier development steps will definitely help Nissan achieve a globally aligned supplier network in future ahead. Part 7: List of References Anon. (1999) Nissans cogent: the co-development regeneration tool. [DVD] Burnes,B, Dale,B (1998) Working in partnership. Hampshire: Gower Publishing Limited Ford,D, Gadde,L, Hakansson,H, Lundgren,A, Snehota,I, Turnbull,P, Wilson,D (1998) Managing Business Relationships. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons Ltd Handfield, Robert B.; Ragatz, Gary L.; Petersen, Kenneth J.; Monczka, Robert M (1999) Involving Suppliers in New Product Development.. California Management Review 42 (Issue 1), 59-82 M25EKM Supply Chain Management Module Notes : Module Leader Phil Southey Rudzki,R.A.,Smock,D.A.,Katzorke,M and Stewar,S.Jr (2006) Straight to the Bottom Line-An Executives Roadmap to World Class Supply Management. Indiana: J.Ross Publishing Trent,R.J. (2007) Strategic Supply Management: Creating the Next Source of Competitive Advantage. Indiana: J.Ross Publishing Part 8: Appendix 1. Fig.A. Supplier Model (Krause 1999 Module note page: 45)

Wise Blood Character Annalysis- Enoch Emery

Wise Blood Character Evaluation Essay: Enoch Emery In the book â€Å"Wise Blood† by Flannery O’Connor, Enoch Emery is first introduced into the story in the third chapter when the main character. Emoch runs into the main character Hazel motes on the street in a crowd of people surrounding a man selling potato peelers. Enoch is an eighteen years old and is described as a â€Å"damp haired pimpled boy† with â€Å"yellow hair and a fox-shaped face. †(pg. 5) We are quickly shown his lack of intelligence by his terrible grasp on the English language and him only laughing after being mocked by the peeler sales man.Enoch is an impulsive rude boy, who just does and says what he wants not thinking of the consequences of his actions. He makes new enemies everywhere. Mocking and snickering at waitresses, making inappropriate comments, getting himself called names like â€Å"son of a bitch. † More than anything he is just simple minded. He does these things bec ause he does not think of consequences. He says there are no friendly people in the city, but he probably is just not giving anyone a good reason to be friendly towards him. Enoch is instantly drawn towards Hazel Motes by something he calls â€Å"wise blood. He claims he inherited wise blood from his father and that it tells him what to do and where to go. Enoch believes that his wise blood will come in handy to Hazel in his mission to start â€Å"The Church Without Christ. † Hazel just sees Enoch as an insane obsessive teenage boy though and wants nothing to do with him. Enoch tries to tag along with Hazel but is rejected by him immediately. However, soon after Hazel got rid of Enoch, he found himself having to go to his work at the city zoo to fetch him. Thinking that Enoch knew where to find the blind preacher and his daughter, Hazel decided to follow him.Before Enoch brought Hazel to the preacher he had to show Hazel what he thought was a huge secret. One he could only t ell someone who he felt was the chosen one to share it with. This person had to be someone who he felt was pure and not from the city. He immediately knew it to be Hazel and felt he had to find a way to share what he knew with him. Enoch took Hazel to a museum that was through the woods from his work, telling Hazel that he would not tell him where the preacher lived unless Hazel saw what Enoch wanted to show him.When they got inside Enoch told Hazel to be quiet as to not wake the guard who did not like Enoch very much. When they finally arrived where Enoch wanted to bring Hazel it turned out that what he was showing Hazel was a three foot tall shrunken man in a glass case. â€Å"See theter notice,† Enoch said in a church whisper, pointing to a type written card at the man’s foot, â€Å"it says he was once as tall as you or me. Some A-rabs did it to him in six months. † He turned his head cautiously to see Hazel Motes. † (pg. 94) Enoch believed that this wa s the new Christ that Hazel was searching to find for his Church Without Christ.When Hazel saw this however he wanted nothing to do with the shrunken man and stormed out. Although Enoch had told Hazel that he knew where the two of them lived it was a lie. However he went ahead anyway with Hazel, trying to rely on his wise blood to guide him. In the end they ended up not finding the blind preaches house, only filling Hazel with more hatred towards Enoch. Enoch’s blood was telling him that Hazel needed the shrunken man for his church without Christ so he knew he had to steal it from the museum.Enoch went to the museum with shoe polish covering his face and hands so that if anyone were to see him they would suspect a colored man and not him. Enoch managed to steal the shrunken man without any witnesses. Enoch brought the man home and put him carefully away, afraid to even look at it. He suspected that he would soon be rewarded for his actions. So he sat and waited, but nothing h appened. Enoch waited longer, but still nothing happened. Finally he gave up, slamming the door to the cabinet the shrunken man was in, smashing it’s face.Since nobody saw him steal the shrunken man he could still possibly be a suspect so Enoch put on a hat and a fake beard and headed off to the address that Sabbath Hawks gave him to find Hazel Motes. When he got to the house Sabbath answered Hazel’s door saying that Hazel was ill and persuaded him to leave the package with her, not knowing that it was the shrunken man inside. â€Å"My man is sick today and sleeping,† she said, â€Å"because he didn’t sleep none last night. What you want? † â€Å"This is for him, it ain’t for you,† Enoch said, handing her the wet bundle. A friend of his gave it to me to give to him. I don’t know what’s in it. † â€Å"I’ll take care of it,† she said. â€Å"You needn’t to worry none† (pg. 183) Enoch left s lamming the door and despite Enoch’s request not to open it and to deliver it directly to Hazel she brought it to the bathroom and started to tear open the package, despite Enoch’s wishes of her. Later Enoch discovers a line of children waiting to shake hands with a gorilla named Gonga, which is really just a man in a gorilla suit. Enoch, being the simple minded fool that he is, gets in line with all the small children.The children who are there to see a movie staring Gonga not just to shake hands with a fake gorilla, but Enoch wanted nothing to do with the movie, only wanting to shake the man’s hand and trying each time to strike conversation but then being pushed aside. The man in the Gonga suit ends up telling Enoch to go to hell, this being the first time that anyone from the city reached out their hand to Enoch and then this being the reaction to potential conversation, Enoch was immediately crushed and storms off.Later Enoch is in a diner and reads that Go nga is going to be at another local theater so he tracks him down. Enoch climbs into the back of the van that Gonga arrived in, hid, and waited for them to leave. Once they finished they loaded up the van and left. Enoch stayed in the van until they came to a stop at a crossing where he jumped out holding the Gonga suit and ran off to the woods where he buries his human clothes and sets off into the night ready to meet people as his new identity of Gonga.Overjoyed Enoch feels that he is finally being rewarded as he should be. Enoch walks down to the edge of the road where he finds a man and woman sitting on a rock over looking the city. As he tries to greet them they scream and run off. Enoch’s hands drop to his sides and he is left alone in the dark looking out over the city. This is the last we ever hear from him for the rest of the story. One of Enoch’s main roles is â€Å"Wise Blood† is comic relief. He is pretty much the only character to bring humor to the story throughout the book.He is constantly making bad decisions and always trying to insult people everywhere he goes. He is also where the title of the story comes from. Enoch is the only character in the book that actually claims to have â€Å"wise blood,† which he claims he inherited from his father who also had it. Enoch is clueless in life and the only important decisions he ever makes are ones he feels like he has no choice but to make since he feels his blood is telling him what to do, and it is almost impossible for him to ignore what the wise blood wants.

James I’s Intolerance of the Catholic Faith Essay

Do you agree with the view that the main cause of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was James I’s intolerance of the catholic faith? It was the lack of tolerance in which James showed toward the Catholic faith, but also the large amounts of tolerance to the Protestants in the mean time. James was, almost, too pleasant towards the Protestants and therefore angered the Catholics as he did so, leaving the Catholic’s wanting to display that the intolerance shown towards them was unacceptable. Therefore, historians are able to infer that it was due to James’ attitudes towards the catholic faith that the Gunpowder Plot took place. Source 2 and 3 both agree that the gunpowder plot was due to James dealing with the Catholic faith with a very harsh attitude, also pushing the Catholics into taking measures such as ‘massacres, rebellions and desperate attempts against the King and State’ due to the King driving them to. James ‘dealt severely [..] he took a lot of money’ which he, evidently, didn’t implicate amongst the puritans. James shows a lot of hatred towards the Catholics and their faith through the way he dealt with them. Source 4 supports evidence shown through both source 2 and 3 in the way that it is expressing the ‘utter detestation’ he had of Catholicism and how he was happy to show his ‘hostility against the Catholics in order to satisfy the Puritans’. James states how he couldn’t comply with all the needs of the Catholics which they present to them, however he made no effort to even think about contemplating those needs of the Protestants. The kings hatred towards the Catholics, however, may also have been due to the influence of his inherited chief minister, Robert Cecil, who from Source 3 we can understand himself didn’t enjoy having the Catholic faith around, being warned that if the harshness shown towards them wasn’t to stop then the king would have to intervene in ‘massacres, rebellions and desperate attempts against the king and state’. However, Robert Cecil, down to his own despise of the faith manipulated the situation, applying a larger amount of pressure upon James to continue to treat the Catholics with a harsh manner, shown in source 5, ‘Cecil used every opportunity to infer to James that the popes were rivals to his authority [†¦] something James could not tolerate’ . Source 5, unlike source 3, states how Cecil was a ‘staunch protestant’ seeing the Catholics as being ‘tantamount to traitors’ due to their beliefs opposing the king by referring back to the pope, although they both show that Robert Cecil is using his own viewpoint to affect the way in which the King undertake the ‘issue’ of the Catholic faith, just in diverse ways, and therefore a possible cause of the gunpowder plot, which many historians would argue, was due to James’ ministers themselves, influencing the kings beliefs and ideals. Robert Cecil through his influence over the king shown in source 5 can also be supported in source 1 with him stating that the King has been too tolerable of the Catholics and how the king should be harsher towards them and how ‘the King’s excessive kindness’ has resulted to ‘priests preach that Catholics much kill the Kings to help their religion’, and therefore wasn’t James’ intolerance of the Catholics that caused the Gunpowder plot but the tolerance he showed them instead. Many Catholics would say that due to James’ deliberately publicly announcing his ‘utter detestation’ of their faith that James deserved the plot to be against him due to the harshness shown towards their faith and beliefs, which we are able to infer via source 4 telling historians that ‘all priests [†¦] had been expelled and recusancy fines introduced’. Overall through the sources historians are able to infer that James showed a large intolerance towards the Catholic faith, whether it be through him own ideals or influenced by other, which then pushed them into believing that performing the Gunpowder plot upon the Houses of Parliament was for the greater good of their religion, and therefore the main cause of the gunpowder plot of 1604 was King James’ intolerance for the Catholic faith. Amy Poole.

The Carbon Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Diamonds

The Carbon Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Diamonds The word diamond is derived from the Greek word adamao, meaning I tame or I subdue or the related word adamas, which means hardest steel or hardest substance. Everyone knows diamonds are hard and beautiful, but did you know a diamond could be the oldest material you might own? While the rock in which diamonds are found may be 50 to 1,600 million years old, the diamonds themselves are approximately 3.3 billion years old. This discrepancy comes from the fact that the volcanic magma that solidifies into rock, where diamonds are found did not create them, but only transported the diamonds from the Earths mantle to the surface. Diamonds also may form under the high pressures and temperatures at the site of meteorite impacts. The diamonds formed during an impact may be relatively young, but some meteorites contain stardust - debris from the death of a star - which may include diamond crystals. One such meteorite is known to contain tiny diamonds over 5 billion years old. These diamonds are older than our solar system. Start with Carbon Understanding the chemistry of a diamond requires a basic knowledge of the element carbon. A neutral carbon atom has six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus, balanced by six electrons. The electron shell configuration of carbon is 1s22s22p2. Carbon has a valence of ​four since four electrons can be accepted to fill the 2p orbital. Diamond is made up of repeating units of carbon atoms joined to four other carbon atoms via the strongest chemical linkage, covalent bonds. Each carbon atom is in a rigid tetrahedral network where it is equidistant from its neighboring carbon atoms. The structural unit of diamond consists of eight atoms, fundamentally arranged in a cube. This network is very stable and rigid, which is why diamonds are so very hard and have a high melting point. Virtually all carbon on Earth comes from the stars. Studying the isotopic ratio of the carbon in a diamond makes it possible to trace the history of the carbon. For example, at the earths surface, the ratio of isotopes carbon-12 and carbon-13 is slightly different from that of stardust. Also, certain biological processes actively sort carbon isotopes according to mass, so the isotopic ratio of carbon that has been in living things is different from that of the Earth or the stars. Therefore, it is known that the carbon for most natural diamonds comes most recently from the mantle, but the carbon for a few diamonds is the recycled carbon of microorganisms, formed into diamonds by the earths crust via plate tectonics. Some minute diamonds that are generated by meteorites are from carbon available at the site of impact; some diamond crystals within meteorites are still fresh from the stars. Crystal Structure The crystal structure of a diamond is a face-centered cubic or FCC lattice. Each carbon atom joins four other carbon atoms in regular tetrahedrons (triangular prisms). Based on the cubic form and its highly symmetrical arrangement of atoms, diamond crystals can develop into several different shapes, known as crystal habits. The most common crystal habit is the eight-sided octahedron or diamond shape. Diamond crystals can also form cubes, dodecahedra, and combinations of these shapes. Except for two shape classes, these structures are manifestations of the cubic crystal system. One exception is the flat form called a macle, which is really a composite crystal, and the other exception is the class of etched crystals, which have rounded surfaces and may have elongated shapes. Real diamond crystals dont have completely smooth faces but may have raised or indented triangular growths called trigons. Diamonds have perfect cleavage in four different directions, meaning a diamond will separat e neatly along these directions rather than break in a jagged manner. The lines of cleavage result from the diamond crystal having fewer chemical bonds along the plane of its octahedral face than in other directions. Diamond cutters take advantage of lines of cleavage to facet gemstones. Graphite is only a few electron volts more stable than diamond, but the activation barrier for conversion requires almost as much energy as destroying the entire lattice and rebuilding it. Therefore, once the diamond is formed, it will not reconvert back to graphite because the barrier is too high. Diamonds are said to be metastable since they are kinetically rather than thermodynamically stable. Under the high pressure and temperature conditions needed to form a diamond, its form is actually more stable than graphite, and so over millions of years, carbonaceous deposits may slowly crystallize into diamonds.

Free Essays on The Force That Drove Salem

THE FORCE THAT DROVE SALEM In Peter Charles Hoffer’s book, The Salem Witchcraft Trials: A Legal History, Hoffer’s tell the story of the Salem Witchcraft Trials and how they came to be. His thesis stated that criminal justice in Salem was led by the belief of Puritanism and the fear of the Devil. He supports his thesis in may ways throughout this book. They are also some weaknesses to his story. The force that drove Salem was both the Devil and God. Hoffer’s thesis is supported in many ways throughout this book. Salem was a religious town and people were respectful of this religion of they would be accused a witch. The idea that God and the Devil drove Salem is supported right away from this example on page one: It was safer, at least for the time being, for God-fearing, churchgoing men, women, and children to declare that they had met the Devil and bowed to Him than to insist that they remained faithful to the Lord’s commandments. (Hoffer, 1) When trying the case of a 14 year old boy the magistrates in Salem came to the conclusion that, â€Å"The Devil made him do it. He was powerless before the onslaught of forces greater than any person could resist.† (Hoffer, 4). The idea that anyone who did not follow the Puritan belief or did something unreligious was led by the Devil, echoed throughout Salem. Everyone believed that the â€Å"cunning of witches came from a bargain with Satan† (Hoffer, 4). It was believed that the Devil sought out young children first and foremost which is why it was so easy to believe that these children had willingly or unwillingly made a pact with the Devil. When the girls are questioned, they immediately blame Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborn out of their own fear of being named a witch. The girls accusation were similar so the town of Salem chose to believe them without even questioning their motives or the fact they may be lying. The councilors in court that were to hea r th... Free Essays on The Force That Drove Salem Free Essays on The Force That Drove Salem THE FORCE THAT DROVE SALEM In Peter Charles Hoffer’s book, The Salem Witchcraft Trials: A Legal History, Hoffer’s tell the story of the Salem Witchcraft Trials and how they came to be. His thesis stated that criminal justice in Salem was led by the belief of Puritanism and the fear of the Devil. He supports his thesis in may ways throughout this book. They are also some weaknesses to his story. The force that drove Salem was both the Devil and God. Hoffer’s thesis is supported in many ways throughout this book. Salem was a religious town and people were respectful of this religion of they would be accused a witch. The idea that God and the Devil drove Salem is supported right away from this example on page one: It was safer, at least for the time being, for God-fearing, churchgoing men, women, and children to declare that they had met the Devil and bowed to Him than to insist that they remained faithful to the Lord’s commandments. (Hoffer, 1) When trying the case of a 14 year old boy the magistrates in Salem came to the conclusion that, â€Å"The Devil made him do it. He was powerless before the onslaught of forces greater than any person could resist.† (Hoffer, 4). The idea that anyone who did not follow the Puritan belief or did something unreligious was led by the Devil, echoed throughout Salem. Everyone believed that the â€Å"cunning of witches came from a bargain with Satan† (Hoffer, 4). It was believed that the Devil sought out young children first and foremost which is why it was so easy to believe that these children had willingly or unwillingly made a pact with the Devil. When the girls are questioned, they immediately blame Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborn out of their own fear of being named a witch. The girls accusation were similar so the town of Salem chose to believe them without even questioning their motives or the fact they may be lying. The councilors in court that were to hea r th...

Evolution of Music in Washington D.C Research Paper

Evolution of Music in Washington D.C - Research Paper Example Evolution of the emo music The word ‘EMO’ was first started in the ‘80s’ and was used to describe music which was being composed during depressing times. They target to console and bring closure to the audience, the listeners and the singer. The lyrics featured in this genre of music are often emotional and very expressive. The first band to play the genre of music was the ‘sunny day real estate’ and later on the scene was completely changed with the arrival of ‘sound garden and nirvana’. Initially, it was known as emotional hardcore or emocore music. Emo music often brings out a distinctive relationship between artists and fans. It often describes the different aspects of fashion, the various behaviors of people in our societies and the various cultural practices among people (Troy & Cannato, 2009). The genre of music has also been associated with such practices like promoting cutting and self –mutilation. A good example is that in the album ‘ta king back Sunday’, the cover on the one of the album consist of a song called ‘cute without at E. There are different EMO bands and some of the most popular ones are the ‘Panic!’ ‘At The Disco,’ ‘Fall out Boy’ among others. These names were given to the albums because of the type of music in question and the general appearance of the music. EMO songs represents or talks about different depressing situations and involves themes like love, loneliness, fallacy amongst others. Such aspects clearly spell out the expressive nature of EMO.

The 2012 Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine was awarded for the Essay

The 2012 Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine was awarded for the work leading to the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells. Why was this break-through so important - Essay Example The discovery that it is possible to reprogram somatic cells to return to their earlier pluripotent state has, however, offered a way around some of these ethical concerns. These reprogrammed somatic cells are referred to as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) and they show remarkable similarities embryonic stem cells. In addition, they also present a new and exciting research area, especially since it has the potential to transform fields such as regenerative medicine and developmental biology (Yildirim, 2013: p16). ES and iPS cells show remarkable similarities in that they are self renewing, which means that they are able to divide and indefinitely produce other copies of themselves (Yildirim, 2013: p42). Therefore, iPS cells can be used for the derivation of all types of specialized cells in the lab under conditions that are precisely controlled. Just like ES cells, iPS cells can aid in the understanding of how pluripotent cells develop into specialized cells and, in the future, they may provide unlimited supplies of tissues and cells to replace diseased ones in patients with diseases that are currently incurable. However, unlike ES cells, generation of iPS cells is not dependent on cells from embryos created earlier (Yildirim, 2013: p42). This means that the biggest barrier to stem cell research, i.e. the ethics of using live embryos for research, can be circumvented. In the development of disease therapy, the most important step involves understanding the exact workings of the disease, as well the exact aspects of bodily functions that go wrong. In order to do this, tissues and cells are required for study, especially those that are diseased. However, it is very difficult to obtain genuine cells from the brain of a Parkinson’s disease patient, particularly in the earlier stages during which the patient is unaware of their symptoms (Yildirim, 2013: p47).

E-commerce Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

E-commerce - Assignment Example These pages can be viewed through an internet address known as uniform resource locator (URL). There are two main types of websites namely static and dynamic website. Static website offers limited opportunities for the clients or visitors control the information received. Dynamic websites on the other hand offers a dialogue platform between the buyers and sellers. Visitors or clients are informed to their specifications. This work is about alibaba.com. It entails the features that make it better than other electronic commerce website among other issues.Alibaba.com is a Chinese e-commerce website that provides a platform for online market place, payment platforms among other services. It is my favorite e-commerce websites due to the fact that it offers sale and purchase of a wide range of electronic products ranging from laptops, cameras, satellite decoders among others. It is simple to use with limited accounts verifications. Alibaba.com website has got several capabilities that favor the site from other competitors. The site contains contact information through which buyers and sellers can communicate. The contact information includes emails, phone numbers-both mobile and landlines. Further more it has social network tools like face book, twitter, YouTube, Google+ and MySpace among others which ease buyers and sellers interaction. Alibaba.com adopts different business strategies like operational business strategy which ensures; delivery of products to the buyer, operational electronic money transfer system, updated order list among other functions. Business unit strategy is observed by attractive advertisement and fair prices that attract and retain customers. A buyer pays the required amount through electronic money transfer platform, ‘alipay’ before goods’ delivery. Corporate business strategy applies with the website as different companies and individuals can do their business through the website. Security is a very important aspect in

Elections and Media Essay Example for Free

Elections and Media Essay The most influential part of American society is the media. Because of it, people have been witness to numerous historical events such as inaugurations, assassinations, and acts of terrorism. We would not have been informed if it had not been for the excessive coverage from the television; however, at the same time, the television has been a continuous barrier within the political world because it emphasizes materialistic items and meaningless ideas rather than the important tasks at hand that can affect an entire nation. The media has an arguable hold on the politics of this nation. As told in Source C, by Menand, many attribute Kennedys victory in the close election of 1960 to the presentation he made in two televised debates in the final months of his campaign; however, the people who listened to the debates on the radio, and did not see televised images, believed it was a draw between Nixon and Kennedy. The majority who watched the debates on the television thought that Kennedy had a crisper image than the badly postured Nixon. This evidence supports the fact that the television makes the voters focus on the image of the candidate rather than ideals and their intellectual responses to the questions at hand. In the 1960 election, the television had won the nation away from sound to images. It is not fair to other candidates because the other candidates could be better off running the country than a person who was won over by materialistic views. Television may make a candidate appear one way, but when they are in office they become two-faced, thus promoting the fact that more and more candidates are pursuing images more than issues. An example of this can bee seen in Source B, by Hart and Triece, where it states that Bill Clinton showed his boxers on MTV because he believed that was what the audience was looking for in order to support him as president. The media, mainly television, has the ability to control the way a nation can think as well as the way a nation can vote. Television is like any other form of entertainment. It has the job of telling the citizens what they want to hear, rather than being honest and telling the truth. That is why there is not one single news broadcasting station that will voice both liberal and conservative views. As told by Ted Koppel in Source F, networks influence the nation by cropping and pulling out the best parts of events in the presidential election that make their political party stand out from the rest. This is a reason why so many elections are full of slandering because each broadcast network tries to dig up information from the past or present to use against a candidate. For instance, during George Bushs election in 2000, the press dug up information about his daughters at college and their partying ways. This was a way to try and sabotage his chances of presidency, and it almost worked. The nation started to view him as an unworthy candidate, but that information had no relevance on his ability to be president. Fortunately it did not affect Bush winning the election, although it is still being seen today. The media continuously shoots down the major issues at hand and puts the focus on non-important ideas. Television has a way of being intimate with people and making them feel like they are getting valuable information, but what they do not know is that they are not getting the facts and information from direct sources, furthering the question of who can the American people trust to get accurate information. The inaccurate information can be the deciding factor between who a new voter will vote for, which in return can affect the outcome of an election or presidential term. A prime example of this can be seen in Source E, by Ranney. In this article, it states that President Lyndon Johnson was supporting the fact that the war in Vietnam could and would be won. At that time the nation believed him; however, when the news network took it upon them to see if Johnson was true to his word, they came back with the reciprocal of what Johnson stated. CBS news network reported that Vietnam was a bloody scene and there was no military victory in the future. Can you guess who the public believed? Of course the media! Basically in a single second, all of the citizens contradicted their previous beliefs, based by Johnson, and supported the facts brought in by CBS. This further upholds the idea that television and other forms of entertainment have stolen the idea of self thought and independent opinions. It somewhat contradicts freedom of speech and belief because what we are hearing is what the media itself picked out, rather than our own intelligence. Unfortunately due to this hold the television has over us, Johnson was overwhelmingly fought against, and he decided to end the army and navy bombardment in Vietnam, as well as not run for another term. The media had beaten him, and there was no way to stop it. In conclusion, all sources of entertainment, such as television, have altered the ways Americans think and view politics. The television has a power over the people by showing the bad sides of each candidate in an election rather than what good they have done for our society. By focusing on the negativity and worthless aspects of politics, television can be considered a prominent problem against politics in the United States. Once the nation wants to decide to support self-opinions, there will never be a presidential election or event that will not be decided by television.

The Triumph of Les Misérables Essay -- Les Misérables Miserables Essay

The Triumph of Les Misà ©rables    Les Misà ©rables (1862), a novel set in early nineteenth century France, presents a story of obsessions in honor, love, and duty, and through it redemption and salvation. It is the story of the poor Jean Valjean, condemned to an unfair amount of time in prison and a life on the run for stealing a loaf of bread for his starving family. The kind act of forgiveness from a Bishop with whom Jean Valjean stays one night, changes the course in which he chooses to live his life. Under a different identity, he becomes wealthy from a business he starts and later is elected mayor of the small town of Montreuil. He falls madly in love with Fantine, one of the workers in his factory. Because Fantine, one of the very poorest and most pitiful residents of Montreuil, has a child born out of wedlock, Jean Valjean as the respected mayor must keep his love for her a secret. When Fantine dies unexpectedly, Jean Valjean vows he will raise her daughter Cosette, and shield her from all the evils in the wo rld. Through all of this, Jean Valjean is being pursued by Javert, a policeman whose entire life has been dedicated to finding Jean Valjean. While running from Javert, Jean Valjean and Cosette find themselves in Paris in the middle of the 1832 Revolution. As Cosette matures, she falls in love with Marius, a young revolutionist. Despite the objections of Jean Valjean, Cosette continues to secretly visit Marius at night. During the revolution, Marius is injured badly and Jean Valjean, after finding a love note from Marius to Cosette, quickly comes to the rescue of the wounded gentleman. Eventually Jean Valjean and Marius' Grandfather consent to the wedding of Cosette and Marius. In this novel, "there is a point at which... ...'s anguishes with obsession, help him to more effectively relate his novel, Les Misà ©rables, to the reader. In the book's ending, Jean Valjean dies knowing he is happy, content and prepared for his death. His adoration for Cosette has left her loving him and satisfied with the life he has helped her create. Before Jean Valjean dies, he says to Cosette and Marius, "I die happy. Let me put my hands upon you dear beloved heads" (399). Like Jean Valjean, Javert's obsessions rule his life, but with negative intentions rather than positive ones. Once Javert realizes his obsessions are nothing but empty promises, he too is empty and chooses to end his life. Three of the main characters of the story, find that their perseverance and obsession to have the life they wish for ends triumphantly. Bibliography Hugo, Victor. Les Misà ©rables. New York: Fawcett Premier. 1997.

Abc Apparel Case

ABC Apparel Case | | | | |Questions | | | | | | | |1 |What are the respective amounts and percentages of Materials, Labor, Overhead and Other in total COGS for ABC? | |* Illustrate on an Excel pie chart showing amounts and percentages for each slice. | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |2 |What percentage of total COGS is represented by what Mr. Price called â€Å"full package† (purchased finished goods)? | | | | | |â€Å"Finished Garments† represent $647 Million. This assumes the purchased finished goods are supplied freight and duty paid; otherwise, applicable freight and duty| | |costs would have to be added.Note that not all freight and duty can be added to this category, since freight and duty must also support the owned supply chain | | |operations. | | |$647 / $2528 = 25. 6% | | | | |3 |Where do you see the largest opportunities for cost reduction? List your Top 3, with strategies to pursue each one. | | |* Explain your selections. | | |Purchas e price or cost of supply (TCO) reductions in purchased finished goods. At 38% of COGS, these represent the largest single opportunity for cost | | |management / reduction. | |Material price reductions (30% of COGS) through supply chain procurement practices. | | |Other Costs. Freight and Duty represent almost 10% of COGS, which is probably ripe for improvement. Evaluate reducing carriers from 4-5 to fewer. | | |Labor – At 20%, Labor is a substantial percentage of cost but has probably already given up the â€Å"low hanging cost fruit† in the relocation to offshore | | |geography, and would probably be difficult to further reduce. | | | | |4 |Which functional areas would you prioritize in your cost reduction efforts? Why? | | | | |Following the same priorities in Question 3: | | |Purchase price or cost of supply (TCO) reductions in purchased finished goods. Apply supply chain procurement practices such as negotiated price reductions, | | |reverse auctions, global sour cing, target costing, centralizing procurement, spend analysis or supplier rationalization. | | |Material price reductions. Apply supply chain procurement practices such as negotiated price reductions, reverse auctions, global sourcing, target costing, | | |centralizing procurement, spend analysis or supplier rationalization. | | |Other Costs Reduction.Freight and Duty represent almost 10% of COGS, which is probably ripe for improvement. | | |Labor Cost Reduction. At 20%, Labor is a substantial percentage of cost but has probably already given up the â€Å"low hanging cost fruit† in the relocation to | | |offshore geography, and would probably be difficult to further reduce. | | | | |5 |Which internal manufacturing processes would you prioritize for improvement? Why? | | |Evaluate moving the textile manufacturing processes (yarn through Fabric Finishing) from US to offshore, preferably close to the cutting operations.If the key | | |materials could be sourced in-region, this would eliminate the cost, risk and lead time of shipping these products from the US to Central America / Caribbean, | | |reducing the high freight costs. | | |Evaluate Supplier Relationship Management programs with Asia garment suppliers. Objective would be to fully identify and reduce â€Å"hidden† costs of supply from | | |this region through collaborative problem-solving and joint incentives (â€Å"gainsharing†) for improved performance. | | |Pursue lead time reductions and reduced lead time variability through improved logistics practices. Seek use of technologies to identify logistics wait times | | |and unplanned delays.Consider use of a 3PL to become accountable for coordinating all Western Hemisphere logistics, negotiating with the major carriers to | | |reduce costs, pre-clearing all shipments through customs, etc. | | | | |6 |What is the ratio of internal manufacturing cost to purchased garment cost? | | | | | |Ratio, internal to external costs | | |275% | | | | | Internal $1,881 | | |External | | |$647 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |7 |Assuming a SG&A rate of 24% and a gross margin of 35%, what annual revenue would you estimate for ABC? Show your calculations. | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |8 |What is ABC's net profit margin, in dollars and percent? | | | | |11% | | |$428 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |9 |What is ABC's â€Å"profit leverage effect† of reducing purchased item costs? How much additional revenue would be required to equal a 5% reduction in purchased | | |prices paid? | [pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | †¢ 5% of 1404 = $70 Million. So, reducing purchased costs by 5% reduces COGS and increases profit by $70M. †¢ To yield an equivalent increase through sales, sales must increase by ($70/. 35) = $200 Million (6%).